Cryptocurrency
Is Crypto a Viable Option in Retirement Accounts?
2024-12-13
These days, the interest in cryptocurrency is on the rise, and it's likely to have a significant impact on retirement planning. Donald Trump's presidential win marked a turning point in cryptocurrency regulation, with the choice of Paul Atkins to lead the SEC signaling a more crypto-friendly framework. Additionally, Trump has floated bold policy ideas like the creation of a "Strategic Bitcoin Reserve" and the exemption of capital gains taxes on cryptocurrency.
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Wall Street has ramped up its embrace of crypto with Bitcoin and crypto ETFs and other products. Industry giants like Fidelity, Schwab, and BlackRock are leading the charge. The rise of spot Bitcoin ETFs has made it much easier to invest in crypto. In light of these trends, cryptocurrency may become a staple in retirement accounts. While the potential for growth is attractive, investors must weigh the risks with their financial goals.How to Invest in Crypto in Your Retirement Account
There are two ways to get exposure to crypto in a retirement account. The first is the indirect approach, which involves investing in a publicly traded security like a spot Bitcoin ETF. This is available with traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs and even some 401(k)s. The second is the direct approach, where you purchase cryptocurrencies within your retirement account. This requires working with a platform designed for such investments, like Alto’s CryptoIRA, which supports over 200 cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, Cardano and Polygon. Some providers also offer cold storage options for added security. Direct investing requires setting up a self-directed IRA, but not all IRA providers offer this flexibility. Platforms like iTrustCapital, BitcoinIRA, and Coin IRA are in this space. Keep in mind that you cannot fund an IRA with cryptocurrency directly; contributions must be made in cash or rolled over from an existing retirement account. You also need to be careful about the costs. There are setup and recurring account maintenance fees, transaction fees or commissions, and investment expenses. Some crypto IRA firms have been criticized for significant fees, so it's important to know before you buy and read the fine print.The Benefits of Crypto
Cryptocurrencies are stored on a blockchain, a sophisticated database that records transactions in a decentralized manner. This eliminates the need for third-party verification. Each block of transactions is linked to the previous one through a cryptographic hash, and transactions are validated using consensus mechanisms like proof-of-work or proof-of-stake, maintaining the integrity of the network. Transparency is a key advantage of blockchain technology. All transactions are visible to participants, which has helped build confidence in cryptocurrencies. For example, Bitcoin has a market value of nearly $2 trillion. Cryptocurrencies also offer efficiency and cost advantages for monetary transactions. Being digital, they bypass traditional financial systems, allowing for faster and cheaper transfers, especially for international payments. Beyond transactional uses, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have become a popular investment asset. Bitcoin's capped supply of 21 million coins creates scarcity, adding to its value proposition. Diversification is another advantage. Crypto is different from other asset classes and can reduce portfolio volatility and enhance long-term returns by spreading risk across different asset classes.The Downsides of Crypto
Crypto is still an emerging asset class with a history dating back to 2008. It has been highly volatile, with Bitcoin suffering eight 50% corrections. The crypto market is sensitive to swings in investor sentiment and has relatively low liquidity compared to the S&P 500. Regulatory risk is also a concern. While Trump has signaled support, the regulations are not in place yet and their form is unclear. There are very few 401(k) accounts currently investing in crypto, and federal regulatory gaps remain unaddressed. Crypto has also been susceptible to fraud and scams. In 2023, the FBI received over 69,000 complaints related to cryptocurrency fraud with losses exceeding $5.6 billion. Another issue is the potential disruption of new technologies. Innovations like those powered by AI or quantum computing may make blockchain systems obsolete, devastating the valuations of existing cryptocurrencies. Environmental risk is also a concern. Proof-of-work mining requires massive amounts of computing power and electricity, and each Bitcoin transaction requires about as much water as one backyard swimming pool.Bottom Line
Given the risks, it's important to be prudent with crypto. Research from BlackRock considers up to 2% of a portfolio invested in Bitcoin as "reasonable." If it went to zero and you were in BlackRock's range for allocation, you likely would not permanently harm your portfolio outcome. The stocks alone may have days where they move the portfolio around by more than 1%. If your stock allocation is all S&P 500, you have more dependency on Nvidia's outcome than with a small allocation to Bitcoin. However, your retirement portfolio may need to last a long time, and 2% might even be too much to speculate on crypto. Before investing in crypto, seek out a financial adviser for guidance.