The “Garden Futures” exhibition, currently gracing the Nieuwe Instituut in Rotterdam until April 13, 2025, embarks on a captivating journey through the intricate history and promising future of the modern garden. Curated by Maria Heinrich and spatially designed by Frank Bruggeman, this exhibition transcends the traditional notion of the garden as a mere personal retreat. It emerges as a vibrant canvas upon which broader political and commercial forces are vividly portrayed. The exhibition's four thematic chapters offer a comprehensive exploration, allowing visitors to delve deep into the evolution and potential of gardens.

Unlock the Secrets of Modern Garden History and Future at the Nieuwe Instituut

The Garden as a World

In this initial section, the historical context takes center stage. It showcases how gardens have been mirrors and shapers of society throughout the ages. From ancient civilizations to modern times, gardens have played a pivotal role in reflecting and influencing cultural, social, and political landscapes. One can envision the grand gardens of Versailles, symbolizing the opulence and power of the French monarchy, and the humble community gardens of today, representing the collective spirit and efforts of local communities. These examples vividly illustrate the diverse ways in which gardens have intertwined with human history. 2: The historical exploration also reveals the hidden connections between gardens and major events. For instance, during times of war, gardens often served as havens of peace and solace. They provided a respite from the chaos and destruction around them. Moreover, gardens have been instrumental in the spread of ideas and cultures. The exchange of plant species through trade routes has led to the creation of new hybrid plants and the blending of different gardening styles. This historical perspective gives us a deeper understanding of the significance of gardens in shaping our world.

Garden Politics

Here, we plunge into the social and political dimensions embedded within garden design. It becomes evident that gardens are not just aesthetic spaces but also reflect the power dynamics and ideologies of society. The influence of different political systems on garden design is palpable. For example, in socialist countries, gardens were often designed with the intention of providing equal access to green spaces for all citizens. On the other hand, in capitalist societies, gardens have been used as symbols of wealth and status. Additionally, the role of commercial interests and land ownership in shaping garden spaces cannot be overlooked. The historical colonial trade in flowers and plants, for instance, had a profound impact on the global distribution of plant species and the development of different gardening traditions. 2: Garden politics also extend to the design trends influenced by garden tool manufacturers. The availability and popularity of certain tools have shaped the way gardens are designed and maintained. For example, the invention of the lawnmower in the 19th century led to the widespread popularity of manicured lawns as a symbol of a well-kept garden. This, in turn, influenced the design of gardens and the way people perceived and interacted with them. Understanding these political and commercial forces is crucial in comprehending the full significance of gardens in our society.

Testing Grounds

The “Testing Grounds” section shines a light on the garden's role as an experimental space for innovative solutions. Rotterdam serves as a prime example, with its diverse range of garden initiatives. The garden suburb of Vreewijk showcases how urban planning and gardening can merge to create sustainable and livable communities. The Island of Brienenoord tidal park demonstrates the potential of using natural elements to create unique and resilient garden spaces. Community gardens like Wijktuin Ommoord highlight the power of collective action in transforming neglected areas into vibrant green spaces. These examples illustrate the garden's ability to address pressing issues such as biodiversity, social justice, and sustainability. 2: Through these testing grounds, we see the potential for gardens to become catalysts for positive change. They offer a platform for experimenting with new plant varieties, sustainable gardening techniques, and community-driven initiatives. By showcasing these examples, the exhibition encourages visitors to think beyond the traditional boundaries of gardening and explore new possibilities. It inspires them to become active participants in shaping the future of gardens and the environment.

The World as a Garden

This final section offers a broader perspective, emphasizing the integration of ecological principles and sustainable practices into larger landscapes. Michael van Gessel's archive and Ada Patterson's artwork provide a critical lens on the colonial history that has impacted garden design. By highlighting these aspects, the exhibition encourages viewers to view the garden as an integral part of a larger ecological system. It promotes a holistic vision for the future of garden design, where sustainability and ecological balance are at the forefront. 2: The World as a Garden section showcases how gardens can become agents of environmental restoration and conservation. By incorporating native plants and sustainable practices, gardens can contribute to the preservation of biodiversity and the health of the planet. It also demonstrates how gardens can serve as educational tools, raising awareness about environmental issues and inspiring people to take action. This holistic approach to garden design is essential in addressing the challenges facing our planet and creating a more sustainable future.